Thermocouple- types -------------- Colour- code | Characteristics of Thermocouples |
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General | Composition | Temperature range | Suitable application | Unsuitable application |
Type E | base metal thermocouple NiCr -CuNi (nickel-chrome/copper-nickel) single wires made of non precious metals | Type E (+) leg: 89-90% nickel, 9-9.5% chrome, 0.5% silicium and iron balance: C, Mn, Nb, CoType E (-) leg: 55% copper, 45% nickel approx. 0.1%, co balt, iron and manganese | -200°C/+700°C | in pure, oxidizing (air), or neutral atmosphere (inert gases) high resistance against corrosion small thermal conductivit
| not sulphuric, reducing or alternately oxidizing, and reducing atmosphereu do not apply in vacuum for a long time
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Type J | base metal thermocouple Fe - CuNi (iron/copper-nickel) single wires made of non precious metals | Type J (+) leg: 99.5 % iron, approx. 0.25 % manganese, approx. 0.12 % copper, balance: other impuritiesType J (-) leg: 55% copper, 45% nickel approx. 0.1%, cobalt, iron, and manganese | -180°C/+700°C | | |
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Type K | base thermocoupleNiCr-Ni (nickel-chrome/ nickel-aluminium) single wires made of non precious metals | Type K (+) leg: 89-90% nickel, 9-9.5% chrome, 0.5 % silicium and iron balance: C, Mn, Nb, CoType K (-) leg: 95-96% nickel, 1-1.5% silicium, 1-2.3 % aluminium, 1-3.2% manganese, 0.5% cobalt, balance: Fe, Cu, Pb | -270°C/+1372°C | from 250°C to 1260°C in pure, oxidizing (air) and neutralatmosphere (inert gases) for higher temperatures bigger wire diameters are recommended
| between 250°C up to 600°C not suitable for exact measurements with quick temperature changes not appropriate for a longer time with high temperatures in vacuum do not apply with high temperatures in sulfurous, reducingor alternately oxidizing, and reducing atmoshere without protection do not use in atmosphere favourizing "green mould"
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Type L | base thermocoupleFe - CuNi (iron/copper-nickel) single wires made of non precious metals | Type L (+) leg: 99.5 % iron, approx. 0.25 % manganese, approx. 0.12 % copper, ballance: other impuritiesType L (-) leg: 55% copper, 45% nickel, approx. 0.1% cobalt, iron, and manganese | 0°C/+900°C | from 0°C to 760°C in vacuum, oxidizing (air), reducing or inert atmosphere (inert gases) above 500°C bigger wire diameters are recommended
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Type N | base thermocoupleNiCrSi - NiSi (nickel-chrome-silicium/nickel-silicium-magnesium) single wires made of non precious metals | Type N (+) leg: 84% nickel, 14-14.4 % chrome, 1.3-1.6% silicium, ballance (not more than 0.1%): Mn, Fe, C, CoType N (-) leg: 95 % nickel, 4.2-4.6 % silicium, 0.5-1.5 % magnesium, ballance: Fe, Co, Mn, C, (altogether 0.1-0.3% | -270°C/+1300°C | | do not use with high temperatures in sulphurous, reducing or alternately oxidizing, and reducing atmosphere without protection do not use with high temperatures in vacuum do not use in atmosphere faviourizing "green mould" reducing atmosphere
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Type R | base thermocouplePt13%Rh - Pt (platinum 13% rhodium/ platinum) single wires made of platinum and platinum - rhodium alloy | Type R (+) leg: platinum with 99.99% purity with a rhodium alloy (purity 99.98%) 13±0.05% rhodium portionType R (-) leg: platinum with 99.99% purity | -50°C/+1768.1°C (melting point) recommended: up to +1300°C | pure, oxidizing atmosphere (air), non aggresive (inert-) gases, and short-term in vacuum above +1200°C type B more appropriate
| reducing atmosphere umetal gases (for example plomb or zinc) agressive vapours containing arsenic, phosphor or sulphur do never use metal protecting tubes with higher temperatures sensitive against impurities of impure metals
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Type S | base thermocouplePt10%Rh - Pt (platinum 10% Rhodium/ platinum) single wires made of platinum and platinum - rhodium alloy | Type S (+) leg: platinum with 99.99% purity with a rhodium alloy (purity 99.98%) 10±0.05% rhodium portion Type S (-) leg: platinum with 99.99% purity | -50°C/+1768.1°C (melting point) recommended: up to +1300°C | pure, oxidizing atmospheres (air), non agressive (inert-) gases, and short-term in vacuum above +1200°C type B more appropriate
| reducing atmosphere umetal gases (for example plomb or zinc) agressive vapours containing arsenic, phosphor, or sulphur do never use metal protecting tubes with higher temperatures sensitive against impurities of impure metals
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Type B | base thermocouple Pt 30%Rh - Pt 6%Rh (platinum -0% rhodium/ platinum-6% rhodium) single wires made of platinum and platinum - rhodium alloy | Type B (+) leg: platinum with 99.99% purity with a rhodium alloy (purity 99.98%) 29.60±0.2% rhodium portionType B (-) leg: platinum with 99.99% purity with a rhodium alloy (purity 99.98%) 6.12±0.02% rhodium portion | max. +1820°C (melting point) ordinary up to +1700°C | | |
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Type T | base thermocoupleCu - CuNi (copper/copper-nickel) single wires made of non precious metals | Type T (+) leg: 99.95% copper, 0.02-0.07% oxygen, 0.01% impuritiesType T (-) leg: 55% copper, 45% nickelapprox. 0.1% cobalt, iron, and manganese | -270°C/+400°C | from -200°C to 370°C in vacuum, oxidizing (air), reducing or inert atmosphere (inert gases) with higher temperatures bigger wire diameters are recommended
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Type U | Unedelmetall-base thermocoupleCu - CuNi (copper/copper-nickel) single wires made of non precious metals | Type U (+) leg: 99.95% copper, 0.02-0.07% oxygen, 0.01% impuritiesType U (-) leg: 55% copper, 45% nickel approx. 0.1% cobalt, iron, and manganese | 0°C/+600°C (+400°C) | from -200°C to 370°C in vacuum, oxidizing (air), reducing or inert atmosphere (inert gases) with higher temperatures bigger wire diameters are recommended
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